Types of Contraceptives in SA: The Most Detailed Guide

A variety of contraception methods are available to prevent pregnancy and protect against STIs.
Contraception choices include hormonal methods, barrier methods, IUDs, permanent sterilization, natural methods, and emergency contraception.
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), like IUDs and implants, are among the most effective methods.
Hormonal methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining.
Barrier methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg and include condoms, which also provide some protection against STIs.
IUDs, both copper and hormonal, offer long-term, highly effective pregnancy prevention.
Permanent methods like vasectomy and tubal ligation are for those who are certain they don’t want future pregnancies.
Natural methods, such as fertility awareness, involve tracking menstrual cycles and require significant self-control.
Contraceptives may have side effects and risks; consult with healthcare providers to weigh the benefits against potential drawbacks.
Considerations in choosing contraception include personal health, family history, sexual activity, reproductive goals, and protection against STIs.
Condoms are the only contraceptive method that offers protection against STIs; regular STI testing is recommended for sexually active individuals.
Emergency contraception is intended for use after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure but should not replace regular contraception.

1.) Understanding Contraception

Let me be frank with you…

If you’re sexually active and don’t want to get pregnant, you must be on a contraceptive.

And you don’t have much of a choice

There are different types of contraception available, and it’s key that you understand your options and choose the right method for you.

Choosing a method you’re comfortable with and that you can use consistently and correctly is important.

Some methods require more effort or planning than others, so it’s important to consider your lifestyle and personal preferences when choosing a method.

There are many different types of contraception available. These include hormonal methods like the pill, patch, and ring, as well as barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods like the IUD and implant are also available. Emergency contraception can be used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy.

I have covered everything in detail in the sections below.

So stick with me if you want to learn more

2.) Hormonal Methods

Hormonal methods of contraception involve the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy. These methods work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg, and thinning the uterus lining to prevent fertilised egg implantation.

2.1) The Pill

The pill is a popular hormonal contraceptive method that contains synthetic versions of estrogen and/or progesterone. It is taken orally once a day at the same time each day.

The hormones in the pill work to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. The pill is highly effective when taken correctly and consistently.

2.2) The Implant

The contraceptive implant is a small rod that is inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It contains a synthetic form of progesterone that is released slowly over time. The implant works by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. It is highly effective and can last for up to three years.

2.3) The Injection

The contraceptive injection is an injection of a synthetic form of progesterone that is given every three months. It works by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. The injection is highly effective when given on time.

2.4) The IUD

The hormonal IUD is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus. It releases a synthetic form of progesterone over time, which thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus. The hormonal IUD can last up to five years and is highly effective.

2.5) The Contraceptive Patch

The contraceptive patch is a small, sticky patch that is placed on the skin. It contains synthetic forms of estrogen and progesterone, which are absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin. The patch works by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. It is highly effective when used correctly and consistently.

Overall, hormonal methods of contraception are highly effective and convenient for many people. However, they may not be suitable for everyone, and it is important to discuss your options with a healthcare provider to determine the best method for you.

3.) Barrier Methods

Barrier methods of contraception are designed to prevent sperm from reaching the egg by creating a physical barrier between them. They are typically easy to use, readily available, and do not require a prescription.

The most commonly used barrier method is the condom. Male condoms are made of latex, polyurethane, or lamb skin. They are placed over the penis before sex and collect semen, preventing sperm from entering the vagina. Female condoms are thin inserts that are placed inside the vagina up to 8 hours before sex. They should not be used with a male condom, as this can cause them to break or slip out of place.

Another barrier method is the cervical cap, which is a reusable rubber cap that is inserted into the vagina to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. It must be used with spermicide to increase its effectiveness. A diaphragm is similar to a cervical cap but is worn inside the vagina to keep sperm from entering the uterus. It must also be used with spermicide.

Sponges are another barrier method that are inserted into the vagina before sex. They contain spermicide and block the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. They are disposable and can only be used once.

While barrier methods are effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms are the only barrier method that can provide some protection against STIs, but they are not 100% effective. If you are concerned about STIs, it is recommended to use a barrier method in combination with another form of contraception, such as hormonal birth control.

Overall, barrier methods are a safe and effective form of contraception. They are easy to use, readily available, and do not require a prescription. If you are considering using the barrier method, talk to your healthcare provider to determine which method is best for you.

4.) Intrauterine Devices

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. IUDs come in two types: hormonal and copper. Both types of IUDs are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and can last for several years.

4.1) Copper IUD

A copper IUD is a small, T-shaped device that is wrapped in copper wire. It is a non-hormonal IUD that works by releasing copper ions into the uterus. The copper ions create a toxic environment for sperm, preventing fertilization. Copper IUDs can last up to 10 years and are a good option for those who cannot or do not want to use hormonal contraception.

4.2) Hormonal IUD

A hormonal IUD is a small, T-shaped device that releases progestin, a synthetic hormone, into the uterus. The progestin thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Hormonal IUDs also thin the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant. There are several brands of hormonal IUDs available, including Mirena, Skyla, Liletta, and Kyleena. The duration of hormonal IUDs varies from 3 to 7 years, depending on the brand.

Insertion and Removal

IUDs are inserted and removed by a healthcare provider. The insertion process involves placing the IUD through the cervix and into the uterus. This procedure can be uncomfortable and may cause cramping or spotting. Removal is a quick and simple procedure that involves gently pulling on the IUD strings.

Side Effects

Common side effects of IUDs include cramping, spotting, and irregular bleeding. Hormonal IUDs may also cause headaches, breast tenderness, and acne. Serious side effects are rare but can include infection, perforation of the uterus, or expulsion of the IUD.

Overall, IUDs are a safe and effective form of contraception that offers long-term protection against pregnancy. If you are interested in getting an IUD, talk to your healthcare provider to determine if it is the right option for you.

5.) Permanent Methods

When it comes to contraception, permanent methods are an option for individuals who are sure that they do not want to have children in the future. These methods involve a permanent form of sterilization, either for men or women, and are highly effective at preventing pregnancy.

5.1) Vasectomy

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This procedure is a form of permanent contraception for men and is considered to be a safe and effective method.

5.3) Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation, also known as “getting your tubes tied,” is a surgical procedure for women that involves blocking or cutting the fallopian tubes. This prevents eggs from being fertilized by sperm, effectively preventing pregnancy. This method is also considered to be a safe and effective form of permanent contraception for women.

5.4) Essure

Essure is a permanent form of birth control for women that involves placing small, flexible coils into the fallopian tubes. Over time, scar tissue forms around the coils, blocking the tubes and preventing eggs from being fertilized. This method is considered to be minimally invasive and does not require surgery, but it does take several months to become fully effective.

5.5) Sterilization

Sterilization is a general term for any permanent form of contraception, including vasectomy and tubal ligation. This method is highly effective at preventing pregnancy and is a good option for individuals who are sure that they do not want to have children in the future.

Overall, permanent methods of contraception are a safe and effective option for individuals who are sure that they do not want to have children in the future. Whether you choose vasectomy, tubal ligation, Essure, or another form of sterilization, it is important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider to determine the best method for you.

6.) Natural Methods

Natural methods of contraception are some of the oldest forms of birth control available. These methods are typically low-cost and have no physical side effects. However, it is important to note that some of these methods may have high failure rates, which may lead to unintended pregnancies.

6.1) Natural Family Planning

Natural family planning (NFP) is a form of contraception that involves tracking your menstrual cycle to determine when you are most likely to become pregnant. This method involves abstaining from sexual intercourse during the fertile period of your cycle, which is typically around ovulation.

NFP can be effective when used correctly, but it requires consistent self-control and a willingness to abstain from sex during certain times of the month. To track your menstrual cycle, you can use a calendar, a basal body temperature thermometer, or monitor changes in your cervical mucus.

6.2) Abstinence

Abstinence is the most effective form of contraception, as it involves not engaging in sexual activity at all. This method is free and has no side effects, but it requires a strong commitment to abstinence from both partners.

6.3) Withdrawal

Withdrawal, also known as the pull-out method, involves the male partner withdrawing his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. This method is free and has no physical side effects, but it is not very effective at preventing pregnancy. It can also be difficult to use correctly, as it requires high self-control and timing.

Overall, natural methods of contraception can be effective when used correctly, but they require a high level of self-control and commitment. It is important to understand the risks and benefits of each method and to speak with a healthcare provider before choosing a method of birth control.

7.) Side Effects and Risks

When choosing a contraceptive method, it is important to consider the potential side effects and risks associated with each option.

Some common side effects of hormonal contraceptives include:

irregular periods,
breast tenderness,
headaches, and nausea. However, these side effects are typically mild and tend to go away after a few months.

In rare cases, hormonal contraceptives can increase the risk of blood clots. This risk is highest in women who smoke, are over the age of 35, or have a history of blood clots. If you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or severe headaches, seek medical attention immediately.

Certain medications can also interact with hormonal contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider of any medications you are taking before starting a new contraceptive method.

In addition to hormonal contraceptives, there are also non-hormonal options available. These methods, such as condoms and copper IUDs, do not carry the same risk of blood clots but may have their own set of side effects.

It is important to remember that while some contraceptive methods may have risks and side effects, the benefits of preventing unintended pregnancy often outweigh these potential drawbacks. Talk to your healthcare provider about which contraceptive method is right for you.

8.) Considerations in Choosing Contraception

When it comes to choosing contraception, there are several factors to consider. These factors include your health, family history, sexual activity, and desire to have children. This section will discuss the most important considerations in choosing contraception.

8.1) Your Health

Your overall health is an important consideration when choosing contraception. Some methods of contraception may not be suitable for women with certain health conditions. For example, women with a history of blood clots may not be able to use hormonal contraceptives. Similarly, women with liver disease may not be able to use hormonal contraceptives or the copper IUD.

8.2) Family History

Your family history is also an important consideration when choosing contraception. If you have a family history of breast cancer or other hormone-related cancers, you may want to avoid hormonal contraceptives. Similarly, if you have a family history of blood clots, you may want to avoid hormonal contraceptives or the contraceptive patch.

8.3) Sexual Partners

If you have multiple sexual partners, you may want to consider using a barrier method of contraception, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms are the only form of contraception that also provides protection against STIs.

8.4 Desire to Have Children

Your desire to have children is an important consideration when choosing contraception. If you do not want to have children in the near future, you may want to consider a long-acting form of contraception, such as the IUD or implant. These methods provide effective contraception for several years and do not require daily attention.

8.5) Reproductive Age

Your reproductive age is also an important consideration when choosing contraception. Women who are approaching menopause may want to consider a short-acting form of contraception, such as the pill or patch, rather than a long-acting form of contraception. This is because long-acting forms of contraception may not be necessary for a short period of time.

8.6) Sexual Activity

Your sexual activity is also an important consideration when choosing contraception. If you have infrequent sexual activity, you may want to consider a short-acting form of contraception, such as a pill or patch. If you have frequent sexual activity, you may want to consider a long-acting form of contraception, such as the IUD or implant.

In summary, when choosing contraception, it is important to consider your health, family history, sexual partners, desire to have children, reproductive age, and sexual activity. By considering these factors, you can choose a method of contraception that is safe, effective and meets your needs.

9.) Sexually Transmitted Infections

When it comes to preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), using contraception is not always enough. Condoms are the only form of contraception that can help protect against STIs, including HIV. If you have unprotected sex, you are at risk of getting an STI.

It’s important to know that some STIs can be asymptomatic, meaning you may not experience any symptoms even if you have an infection. Therefore, it’s vital to get tested regularly if you are sexually active.

Using a condom correctly and consistently can help reduce your risk of getting an STI. External condoms are worn on the penis, while internal condoms are worn inside the vagina. Both types of condoms are effective at preventing STIs and pregnancy.

It’s worth noting that some types of contraception, such as hormonal methods like the pill or IUDs, do not protect against STIs. While these methods are effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not provide any protection against STIs.

In summary, using a condom correctly and consistently is the best way to protect yourself against STIs. If you are sexually active, it’s important to get tested regularly for STIs, even if you don’t have any symptoms. Remember, prevention is key, so make sure you are using contraception and protecting yourself during sexual activity.

10.) Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception, also known as the morning-after pill, is a form of birth control used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Emergency contraception is not intended for regular use and should not be used as a primary form of birth control.

There are two types of emergency contraception: hormonal and copper intrauterine devices (IUD). Hormonal emergency contraception comes in the form of pills and can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex. The copper IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex and can provide ongoing contraception for up to 10 years.

The morning-after pill is available over-the-counter without a prescription for individuals who are 17 years of age or older. There are two types of morning-after pills: levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate. Levonorgestrel is most effective when taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex, while ulipristal acetate is effective up to 120 hours after unprotected sex.

It is important to note that emergency contraception is not 100% effective and should not be relied upon as a primary form of birth control. Additionally, emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). If you have had unprotected sex, it is important to get tested for STIs and speak with a healthcare provider about your options for ongoing contraception.

11.) Frequently Asked Questions

11.1) What are the different types of birth control methods available?

There are several types of birth control methods available, including hormonal methods such as the pill, patch, and injection, barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragms, and long-acting reversible contraceptives such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants.

11.2) What are the most effective contraceptive methods for women?

The most effective contraceptive methods for women are long-acting reversible contraceptives such as IUDs and implants, which have a failure rate of less than 1% in typical use. Hormonal methods such as pills, patches, and injections are also highly effective when used correctly.

11.3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a contraceptive patch?

The contraceptive patch is a hormonal method of birth control that is worn on the skin and changed once a week. The advantages of using the patch include convenience, effectiveness, and the ability to regulate menstrual cycles. However, the patch can cause skin irritation, and there is a small risk of blood clots.

11.4) How does a contraceptive injection work?

The contraceptive injection is a hormonal method of birth control that is administered every three months. It works by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. The injection is highly effective, but it can cause irregular periods and weight gain.

11.5) What are the different types of contraceptive pills available?

There are two main types of contraceptive pills: combination pills, which contain both estrogen and progestin hormones, and progestin-only pills. Combination pills are more effective at preventing pregnancy, but progestin-only pills are a good option for women who cannot take estrogen.

What are the options for male contraception?

Male contraception options include condoms, which are highly effective at preventing pregnancy and protecting against sexually transmitted infections, and vasectomy, which is a permanent form of birth control. Research is ongoing for other male contraceptive options, such as hormonal injections and male birth control pills.

Now I’d like to hear from you

That’s all I have for you today.

But I’d like to hear from you…

Which type of contraceptive are you ready to try?

If you are already taking contraceptives, which one are you taking and how has your experience been?

Either way, let me know by leaving a comment below right now.

X Facebook LinkedIn WhatsApp

Key Takeaways on Types of Contraceptives